DJIA: 7794.40 -78.72 (-1.00%) S&P 500: 970.78 -7.82 (-0.80%) Nasdaq: 1587.92 -2.22 (-0.14%) Value Line Index 865.93 -3.50 (-0.40%) 30-Year Bond 104 10/32 -12/32 5.82% Yield
PSINet Inc. <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: PSIX)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: PSIX)") end if %> rose $1 15/16 to $8 7/16 after the commercial Internet service provider (ISP) and backbone network provider received a surprise $10 per share buyout offer from a company run by the former CEO of Digex, according to ZDNet. Digex was bought out this summer by competitive local exchange carrier Intermedia Communications <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: ICIX)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: ICIX)") end if %>. This offer comes two days before shareholders vote to trade 20% of the company for a 20-year noncancellable lease for 10,000 route miles of OC-48 fiberoptic cable from IXC Communications <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: IIXC)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: IIXC)") end if %>. That cable might be equivalent to a '57 Chevy in the year 2018, though, and shareholders might want to consider going with a new management team that has proven its ability to grow shareholder value. In other ISP news, telecom provider RCN Corp. <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: RCNC)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: RCNC)") end if %> rose $3 1/2 to $39 3/4 on announcing two agreements to acquire ISP Erol's in Washington D.C. and UltraNet Communications in Boston for $110.5 million in cash and stock. Erol's has been planning to go public but opted out for a private deal instead.
Communications chip makers gained ground today on yesterday's earnings reports. Level One Communications <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: LEVL)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: LEVL)") end if %> rose $3 1/4 to $38 after the telecom and datacom chip company reported Q4 EPS of $0.29, surpassing the mean estimate of $0.28 and rising 71% over last year's fourth quarter per-share results. Bookings in the quarter reached approximately $62 million with a book-to-bill ratio of 1.21. November initial public offering Applied Micro Circuits <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: AMCC)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: AMCC)") end if %> gained $2 to $17 after the networking chip designer, whose customers include companies such as Cisco Systems <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: CSCO)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: CSCO)") end if %>, Compaq <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: CPQ)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: CPQ)") end if %>, and 3Com <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: COMS)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: COMS)") end if %>, reported Q3 EPS of $0.20, crushing the mean estimate of $0.11 on a 36% year-over-year increase in revenues of $19.7 million. PMC - Sierra <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: PMCS)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: PMCS)") end if %> gained $1 3/8 to $29 3/4, with company reporting earnings tomorrow. EPS of $0.23 is expected, though investors might be building in a more bullish scenario than the current estimate given the results of others in the sector and the non-linearity of company's results from quarter to quarter. Last quarter, PMC - Sierra reported EPS of $0.22, down from $0.28 in the prior quarter.
Electronics contract manufacturer Sanmina Corp. <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: SANM)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: SANM)") end if %> gained $8 1/18 to $65 3/8 on reporting Q1 revenues of $159 million, up 27% from pro forma Q1 1997 revenues of $125.2 million. EPS of $0.63 (before merger-related charges) exceeded the First Call mean estimate of $0.61 and rose 21% from last year's pro forma EPS of $0.52. Although revenues were slightly lighter than expected, the company's focus on improving operating efficiency kept operating margins above 15%. Hambrecht & Quist's Todd Bakar reiterated a "strong buy" rating on the company with a 12-month price target of $90, or 31 times the I/B/E/S mean EPS estimate of $2.88 for the fiscal year ending in September. Contract manufacturer Jabil Circuit <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: JBIL)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: JBIL)") end if %> hooked onto the Sanmina wagon, gaining $5 5/8 to $39 3/4.
Digital subscriber line (DSL) networking companies are all abuzz following reports from the New York Times and "people familiar with the situation" that Microsoft <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: MSFT)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: MSFT)") end if %>, Compaq <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: CPQ)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: CPQ)") end if %>, and Intel Corp. <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: INTC)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: INTC)") end if %> are working on consumer connectivity solutions using DSL modulation schemes. Aware <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: AWRE)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: AWRE)") end if %> added $5/8 to $14 15/16 and Pairgain <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: PAIR)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: PAIR)") end if %> moved up $1 11/16 to $19 1/16 even though the breathless press reports overstate what is workable in real life, according to communications engineers. What works on a clean phone line in a laboratory doesn't necessarily work with multiple bridges and interference in the lines under San Francisco or New York City. Many engineers believe that real-life working conditions are much different than laboratory benchmarks cited in the article, but they also believe that DSL multiplexing is superior to cable bandwidth solutions, which are necessarily shared connections and bog down with each additional user hooked into the network. The article leaves DSL watchers rather unimpressed but interested that someone inside Microsoft would be hedging on their huge investment in America's cable plant. Investors bummed out that they missed the re-birth of the cable industry might want to take note.
Following yesterday's earnings warning from home healthcare company Apria Healthcare <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: AHG)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: AHG)") end if %>, its largest stockholder, Transworld Healthcare <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: TWHH)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: TWHH)") end if %>, along with an investment limited partnership, reiterated its offer to buy out all Apria shareholders for $18 per share in cash or cash and equity. The offer was originally made last week and Transworld said that it's still waiting for a response. Apria stated last week that "the proposal was not in the best interest of shareholders." Apria shares finished up $1 11/16 to $10 15/16.
Compaq Computer <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: CPQ)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: CPQ)") end if %> tacked on $2 5/16 to $32 1/16 after reporting Q4 revenues of $7.3 billion and EPS of $0.42. Before a stock split that took effect today, the company earned $0.84 per share in the quarter, beating the 33-analyst estimate of $0.83. Speaking like the Economic Value Added (return on invested capital above and beyond the cost of capital) company that it is, Compaq reported that its Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) reached an annualized 90% in the fourth quarter, up from 49% in Q4 1996. With a workdown in inventory, Compaq ended the quarter with a historically low level of inventories, which along with higher margins boosted return on capital results. Inventory turnover by period has been as follows (annualized for quarterly figure):
FY 1995 = 5.46
FY 1996 = 8.4
FY 1997 = 12.6
FY 97Q4 = 11.9
QUICK TAKES: Eidos plc <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: EIDSY)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: EIDSY)") end if %> gained $2 5/16 to $14 7/8 after the maker of the popular Tomb Raider II video game announced that it expects to come in with year-end earnings "substantially in excess of current market expectations." I/B/E/S estimates currently call for earnings of approximately $0.93 per American depository share for the year ending in March..."Generation Y" catalog apparel retailer dELiA*s <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: DLIA)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: DLIA)") end if %> jumped $4 to $27 after reporting a 126% increase in holiday season sales through its dELiA*s catalog and outlet store. Sales for the two-month November/December period totaled $30.3 million through the two channels.
Industrial products manufacturer Barnes Group <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: B)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: B)") end if %> picked up $3 1/2 to $26 on being included in the S&P SmallCap 600 index while telecom services company Cincinnati Bell <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: CSN)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: CSN)") end if %> rose $1 1/4 to $34 3/8 on getting the nod to join the S&P MidCap 400 index, taking Summit Bancorp's spot and moving up from the S&P SmallCap 600 index... Vivus Inc. <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: VVUS)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: VVUS)") end if %> gained $1 15/16 to $13 7/16 after the company said yesterday that it is taking its impotence treatment directly to consumers via mass media advertising. The company also lamented the alleged decision of NBC to turn down the company's purchase of advertising time during the Super Bowl, based on the network's objections over the subject matter... Welding company Thermadyne <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: TDHC)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: TDHC)") end if %> gained $4 5/8 to $33 1/2 on news that the company will merge with a unit of investment bank, brokerage, and merchant bank Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: DLJ)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: DLJ)") end if %>. Thermadyne shareholders will receive $34.50 per share in cash or one share in the new company for each share they hold.
Flexible circuitry maker Flextronics International <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: FLEXF)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: FLEXF)") end if %> added $4 15/16 to $39 1/4 on announcing Q3 EPS of $0.48 (before charges), in line with estimates. Given the company's close relationship with the disk drive industry, making numbers was a relief for shareholders... Wireless telecom products company Qualcomm <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: QCOM)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: QCOM)") end if %> jumped $6 5/8 to $54 1/8 after reporting Q1 EPS (before one-time charges) of $0.58, beating the First Call mean estimate of $0.50. Analysts following the company generally reiterated positive ratings while Merrill Lynch raised its rating to "near-term accumulate"... Seagate <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: SEG)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: SEG)") end if %> rose another $1 5/8 to $20 15/16 after the world's largest independent maker of disk drives yesterday reported earnings. Quantum <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: QNTM)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: QNTM)") end if %> picked up $1 3/8 to $21 11/16 and Western Digital <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: WDC)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: WDC)") end if %> picked up $1 15/16 further to $19 1/8.
Troubled managed healthcare company PHP Healthcare <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: PPH)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: PPH)") end if %> surged $2 1/16 to $13 11/16 after announcing that it expects to "meet or exceed consensus earnings estimates for its third quarter ending January 31, 1998." First Call indicates one analyst estimate of $0.12 for the quarter... Office equipment provider IKON Office Solutions <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: IKN)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: IKN)") end if %> added $2 1/8 to $30 1/16 on reporting Q1 revenues of $1.4 billion and EPS (before charges) of $0.33. Analysts were expecting EPS of $0.34, but the company says it's on track to achieve 20% EPS growth for the year, which does jibe with what investors are expecting... Oil refiner Valero Energy Corp. <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: VLO)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: VLO)") end if %> gained $2 1/8 to $31 as the spot prices for crude oil moved under $16.50 per barrel. Salomon Smith Barney also likes the company because large West Coast competitors will shut down an unusually high number of facilities for maintenance during the first quarter... Consumer finance company The Money Store <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: MON)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: MON)") end if %> levitated $1 5/16 to $19 on takeover speculation repeated by money manager John Dorfman of Dreman Value Management, whose column in runs on Bloomberg.
EARNINGS MOVERS
Adaptec <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: ADPT)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: ADPT)") end if %> up $1 15/16 to $24 3/8; Q3 EPS before charges: $0.38; net EPS $0.23; 60-days ago mean estimate: $0.57
Day Runner <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: DAYR)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: DAYR)") end if %> up $2 7/8 to $43 1/4; Q2 EPS: $0.90; Estimate: $0.86
Compuware Corp. <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: CPWR)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: CPWR)") end if %> up $1 1/16 to $40 1/16; Q3 EPS before charges: $0.29; net EPS: $0.28; Estimate: $0.25
Diamond Technology Partners <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: DTPI)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: DTPI)") end if %> up $7/8 to $16 3/8; Q3 EPS: $0.12; Estimate: $0.10
Crown Crafts <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: CRW)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: CRW)") end if %> up $1 to $17; Q3 EPS: $0.52; 60-days ago mean estimate: $0.42
Business software company Computer Associates <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: CA)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: CA)") end if %> fell $4 3/4 to $47 1/4 after reporting a 20% increase in Q3 EPS of $0.60 (before charges), which beat the mean First Call estimate of $0.59. Revenues of $1.24 billion increased 18% over Q3 last year, but analysts didn't seem to be happy with the guidance given by the company. The chief concern is a possible slowing of the company's client/server software business. Revenues from client/server software rose to $474 million, which was a 28% rise year over year but a drop sequentially from $477 million last quarter. Analysts were expecting 40-50% growth in this segment, and the company's saving grace for the quarter came from an unexpected area -- 11% growth in the mainframe software business. This inversion of expectations has many investors scratching their heads.
Coca-Cola <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: KO)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: KO)") end if %> bottler Coca-Cola Enterprises <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: CCE)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: CCE)") end if %> fizzled $2 3/4 to $33 1/8 after reporting cash flow growth of 5% (pro forma) in its fourth quarter and forecasting a 10% increase in cash flow for the coming year, which is below the growth rate most investors had been expecting. The company announced that capital expenditures for trucks, vending machines, and coolers for acquired bottlers in Canada and New York would dilute 1998 earnings by $0.10 per share, double the company's original estimate for dilution of $0.05 per share. The company was downgraded by Salomon Smith Barney to "outperform" from "buy."
International Business Machines <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: IBM)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: IBM)") end if %> fell $8 1/4 to $100 1/8 after yesterday releasing a lumbering-giant sort of earnings report. For the fourth quarter, net earnings increased 3.5% year-over-year, which along with a 6% decrease in the company's share count translated into an EPS increase of 9.3% to $2.11. The First Call mean EPS estimate for the quarter was $2.15, although First Call is not totally sure if each analyst submits a primary or diluted EPS estimate. Zacks, on the other hand, stipulates primary EPS in its estimates, which was also $2.15 for the quarter. IBM forecast weaker first quarter EPS of as little as $1.04, far below the current mean estimate of $1.35. Both IBM and J.P Morgan <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: JPM)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: JPM)") end if %> were down today (each have a 5% weighting in the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index), and the "Dow" was down as well. Since the "Dow" is a price-weighted index, price shifts in its major components can bring the average down significantly. In fact, when people cry in horror that the "Dow was down today," know that these two issues contributed to 57% (44.8 points) of the decline, which should make investors question the popular press's use of the index as a proxy for the market.
QUICK CUTS: Sitel Corp. <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: SWW)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: SWW)") end if %> tumbled $1 1/2 to $9 5/8 after Merrill Lynch cut its rating on the teleservices company to "near-term neutral" from "near-term accumulate"... Pharmaceutical company American Home Products <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: AHP)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: AHP)") end if %> lost $3 11/16 to $90 9/16 after the SmithKline Beecham <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: SBH)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: SBH)") end if %> takeover furor began to subside today... Networking equipment company Bay Networks <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(NYSE: BAY)") else Response.Write("(NYSE: BAY)") end if %> sank $2 7/16 to $27 after reporting slower-than-expected sales growth in its second quarter... Uniform rental services company Unitog <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: UTOG)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: UTOG)") end if %> dropped $1 5/8 to $19 1/8 after stating that it expects its fourth quarter earnings to come in 25-35% short of estimates of $0.37 per share.
EARNINGS MOVERS
Hybrid Networks <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: HYBR)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: HYBR)") end if %> down $4 7/8 to $5; Q4 EPS: ($0.52); Estimate: ($0.17)
RF Micro Devices <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: RFMD)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: RFMD)") end if %> down $1 5/8 to $12 1/8; Q3 EPS: $0.07; Estimate: $0.08
Avant! Corp. <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: AVNT)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: AVNT)") end if %> down $2 3/16 to $18 7/8; Q4 EPS $0.34; Estimate: $0.34
FOOL
ON THE HILL
An Investment Opinion
by
Louis Corrigan
New Earnings Per Share
All of Wall Street talks about corporate profits. One day they're rising because of strong demand for goods or cost-savings brought about by better inventory management or downsizing. The next day they're said to be decelerating due to the Asian financial crisis or higher labor costs. All of this talk usually comes back to one point: some leading index, usually the S&P 500, is trading at a multiple to corporate profits that either can easily or perhaps cannot possibly be justified by the growth, or lack of it, in corporate profits. These are among the main data market mavens use in deciding whether they're bullish or bearish.
Yet corporate profits are really a kind of fiction created by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and collectively perpetuated by investors. For instance, many companies take in lots more cash than they are allowed to report as income. That's because they're stuck depreciating a capital asset over several years or amortizing goodwill after paying more for another company than the acquired company's appraised net asset value or book value. Such non-cash charges can make the reported net income look awfully puny even when the company is actually raking in the dough. Yet, accounting conventions usually evolve for a good reason. Depreciation, for example, is based on the pretty simple notion that capital assets do wear out over a number of years.
If corporate profits are a kind of fiction, then the FASB recently re-wrote the book, and investors should take a moment to recognize what's happened and why. When people talk about corporate profits, they're really talking about earnings per share (EPS), or the amount of net income that accrues for each share of stock. The EPS is used to determine a stock's price-to-earnings ratio (P/E), which in turn is used as one major metric for determining whether a stock or "the market" is priced too high, too low, or just right. What the FASB has done is change the way companies must calculate their EPS and required them to report two different types of EPS. The new method may have no effect on some companies with pretty simple capital structures while leading to perhaps slightly noticeable changes for firms with lots of stock options, warrants, or convertible securities outstanding.
In the past, companies have reported simple earnings per share, which is net income minus any preferred stock dividends divided by the weighted average number of common stock shares outstanding during the reporting period. If a company didn't have other types of securities or instruments outstanding that would dilute these earnings by 3% or more, then reporting simple earnings was good enough. The other two options were primary earnings and fully diluted earnings. Primary earnings accounted for the potential dilution of all common stock equivalents. That is, it took the net income available to common stock holders divided by the weighted shares outstanding plus in-the-money stock options and warrants. Fully diluted earnings included all of this but also assumed the conversion of all preferred stock or convertible debt securities into common stock.
The new rule (FASB Statement 128) took effect December 15 and is now being reflected in earnings reports for the December quarter. It requires companies to list basic earnings (equivalent to the old simple earnings) and diluted earnings (equivalent to the old fully diluted earnings) in their income statements. Companies have actually been required to provide both numbers in a footnote in earnings filings for the last year, but virtually no one has bothered to mention it.
The rule change grew out of years of effort by the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) to align U.S. accounting standards with the developing core standards being set by the IASC. The ultimate goal seems to be to universalize financial disclosure standards, making it easier for investors to compare companies across borders, thus promoting the free flow of capital. That goal may never be reached -- even the FASB's new EPS guidance differs in arcane, usually minor ways from the IASC's new standards. Still, moving toward common ground is certainly a plus in terms of assuring that companies in different parts of the world are accountable to their shareholders, in both senses of the word.
The new earnings per share are important for several more obvious reasons, however. For one thing, investors should want to know the fully diluted earnings because any other measure may prove an inaccurate one for determining the chunk of earnings they're entitled to. So that earnings comparisons hold up, companies will have to restate earnings back to 1996 in order to comply with the new standards.
Second, all the major media reporting EPS -- including S&P, Zacks, First Call, IBES, Reuters, and Associated Press -- plan to use the diluted EPS number. Given that S&P and Zacks, for example, previously employed primary earnings, some firms could see their P/E ratios suddenly go up a bit if their reported earnings are revised downward. Also, those investors who have relied on simple market cap calculations (shares outstanding times stock price) that leave out debt may now see that a company is actually being valued more richly than they might have noticed before. In other words, getting the most complete data is important in determining a company's value and the new standards simplify the process of getting good data.
Finally, many companies issue lots of stock options to their employees but have essentially been hiding the impact of these options on earnings by reporting just primary EPS. A study conducted by Bear Stearns showed that Dell Computer <% if gsSubBrand = "aolsnapshot" then Response.Write("(Nasdaq: DELL)") else Response.Write("(Nasdaq: DELL)") end if %>, for example, would have reported $1.99 per share in basic earnings for the first nine months of FY97 while diluted earnings would have been 9% less at $1.81 per share since options and other securities would have added 30 million shares to the 334 million shares outstanding. So what the new rules do is make it easier for an investor to compare the basic with diluted earnings and get at least some sense of what stock options actually cost a shareholder.
Please see the Motley Fool's Conference Calls page for call information and links to synopses.
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Randy Befumo (TMF Templr), a Fool One
Dale Wettlaufer (TMF Ralegh), Fool Two
Alex Schay (TMF Nexus6), Fool Three
Louis Corrigan (TMF Seymor), Fool Four
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Editor